Yes, it will. Autodesk Inventor (R4, 5, 6, 7, 8+) is a partially multithreaded application which makes use of multiple CPUs, hyperthreading and dual-core, quad-core, multi-core processors for some operations (of course only in OSs supporting multiprocessing - WinNT, Win2000, WinXP Pro, Vista, Win7, Win8, Win10).
Inventor 4 up to 7, and 2012+ supports multiprocessing for computing of drawing views (view updates, IDW/DWG).
Inventor 9, 10, 11, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012+ supports multiprocessing in rendering (Inventor Studio), FEA computations, sheetmetal unfolding (ASM), OLE objects, Excel-linked parameters, printing, for the Job scheduler, and for updates of the capacity-meter.
Inventor 2012 supports multithreading for drawing views (hidden lines) when "Enable Background Updates" is checked in the Application options. Plus for ray-trace display.
Inventor 2013 uses multithreading for CAE stress analysis.
Inventor 2016 then uses multi-threaded computation for processing of CAD files in foreign formats (AnyCAD).
Higher Inventor versions employ parallel computations for freeform modelling, for updating iProperties and other operations.
In any case, workstations with dual-core and quad-core (multi-core) CPUs will make Inventor faster thanks to distribution of concurrently running system processes in Windows 10, 8, 7 and in Vista plus WinXP.