Both AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT offer to assign not only indexed colors (256 ACI color hues) but also full RGB colors (truecolor) and colors from so called "color books", ao. Pantone and RAL palettes or palettes by specific product manufacturers.
You can assign a RAL hue using the COLOR dialog, resp. through the ribbon - the option "More Colors":

In the dialog "Select Color" then switch to the tab "Color Books" and select the book "RAL CLASSIC" or "RAL DESIGN" or "RAL EI EFFECT":


Objects are assigned a specific RAL color and the respective RGB hue.
If you want to find a visually similar indexed ACI color, select the object with assigned RAL (or Pantone, or RGB) color on the prompt of this LISP function - type or paste it on AutoCAD command line:
(cdr(assoc 62 (entget(car(entsel)))))
The returned number equals to the ACI color.
In AutoCAD LT, you can convert the color using a trick - save the selected object to the DXF R12 format (WBLOCK or SAVEAS) and then read it back (DXFIN). The reloaded object will now have only the ACI color (the nearest).